Quote:
Originally Posted by Original Position
Instead of arguing over the semantics or rhetorical value of "discrimination," I'd like to see the positive case for race-based affirmative action. What goal is it meant to achieve and is it effective in achieving it? Or is this a case of restitution? How would you argue for it?
I think everyone agrees on the basic goals (to increase representation of minorities in specific institutions with an overarching goal of reducing racial inequality in order to redress past wrongs). In academia I think it's common now to also see diversity listed a goal in and of itself, although not necessarily directly related to AA.
As far as effectiveness, I think past research has generally found that the programs were somewhat effective in achieving that first, most direct, goal. That is, whether at universities or in police department hiring or elsewhere, the creation of AA programs led to increased minority representation. Bearing in mind that in early AA programs women also were granted affirmative action and I've seen it argued that white women were probably the largest beneficiary of some of this.
On the more overarching goal, I would compare the role of AA in achieving larger goals in relation to inequality to the role of specific anti-poverty programs in achieving the goals of the "war on poverty" that also began in the 60s. There's been progress but you wouldn't necessarily say that any specific program was the silver bullet. I think there is reasonable evidence that AA programs have played a role in reducing racial inequality, but also reasonable arguments that, going forward, other means of addressing inequality might be more effective.
So I feel like it's important to disentangle the larger goals from the choice of means. A lot of people who argue against AA also disagree with the larger goals, so arguments about AA turn into proxy arguments about those goals. I think the larger goals are important but it's not necessarily clear to me that AA is an absolutely necessary way of achieving them. I wouldn't want to eliminate AA and replace it with nothing, but I think it's reasonable to recognize the philosophical difficulties people have with it and consider other approaches that would be more simpatico with widely shared values (re: the two poll results).