No he cannot. You seem to disregard the difference between establishment and paying customer. The poker room in a real casino is not equivalent to a race track where you bring your own car and are expected to know how to race. It's equivalent to an amusement park where everything you do as a patron is carefully guided and controlled by the establishment so no one gets hurt. (Why would a casual player risk poker over blackjack otherwise? Who would feed the regs who feed the pros?) If I step off a turnip truck into your poker room I expect to be told what to do by the dealer. I am not responsible for policing your game. You don't pay me. Yes, my extra vigilance may save me from suffering for someone else's mistake, but a floor should never rule that it was my job to make sure the button was in the right place.

You are are wrong. I'm not saying you are responsible for policing the came. I am saying I can expect that you know that if you were the small blind last hand .... you are the button this hand.

And ruling that way is not ruling that it is your job to make sure the button was in the right place.

I was the big blind the previous hand, so I knew I was to be the small blind this hand. So I put out the SB. Then the dealer told me to take it back because someone was buying the button. Am I really supposed to question the dealer at that time?

"Dealer, who wants to buy the button? Are you sure this is a situation in which someone is properly eligible for buying the button?"
Every time someone wants to buy the button, should the whole table have to agree to it?

Not the point. And what if I walked in off the blackjack tables never having played holdem? Should I go to holdem school first or should that guy getting paid know what he's doing? This sucks I'm going back to BJ where the dealer makes sure things go smoothly. Humans make mistakes and dealers are humans but don't penalize the players for it. It's not a home game where I move the button and deal the cards.

This is an even better illustration of the point.

Well, yeah. When I play, I pay attention to all of this. Why? Because mistakes happen.

If you don't want to run the risk of paying the BB twice, then you should pay attention to these things, too. I'm not sure what else you expect to happen.

Another solution here is for you and the SB to simply sit out a hand and let the players to your left pay the blinds, then come in again after the button passes. But then you don't get the button.

I guarantee the casino is not likely to fork over $60 for this mistake, especially because it's not uncommon for a player to be 100% sure he was the BB last hand when he 100% limped UTG.

Nobody is forcing you to pay attention. But you are the only one taking a risk if you don't. Is it fair? Maybe not. But I don't live in the world of "should". I live in the world of "is".