Another aspect that is covered seriously in "Professional Poker" book is problem/pathological gambling among poker pros. I've always wandered how big the degenerate population is in poker. What are my chances to play with a degenerate on a random table? I suppose it would also depend on stakes, location, time, live vs. online. For example, playing on Global, I noticed that after midnight, the crazy action is due to hopelessly stuck degenerates, so if you can stay up all night, you can make a killing.
Found some interesting papers on this topic (the search actually showed hundreds).
"Chasing losses in online poker and casino games: Characteristics and game play of Internet gamblers at risk of disordered gambling" by Sally M. Gainsbury et al., 2014.
This is an anonymous survey of 10,838 participants self-selected across ~100 internet casinos and venues, 5,461 of whom were poker players, 55% of whom were from the USA.
- 28.5% were chasers
- playing only poker lowered probability of chasing by 10.4%
- the Gambler’s Fallacy increased the probability of chasing by 39.4%
- the Hot Hand bias increased the probability of chasing by 14%.
"Younger people were more likely to report chasing losses than older gamblers."
"Notably, in the current study longer and more frequent poker sessions were not associated with chasing losses, which is consistent with the suggestion that this gambling activity may be less problematic for players (DBCDE, 2013). Alternatively, as the element of skill is more pronounced in poker over longer periods of time (Meyer et al., 2012), poker players who engage in this activity more regularly may be more disciplined and less likely to chase losses."
"Playing for excitement was more common among both Internet casino and poker players who chased their losses, although winning money was also an important motivator for these groups."
"Problem gambling in poker: money, rationality and control in a skill-based social game" by Ole Bjerg, 2010.
This is in-depth interview of 29 poker players: 14 problem gamblers, 10 pros, and 5 recs.
"First, the structural composition of different gambling games has a significant effect on the ways problem gambling may develop in relation to these games."
"Second, even within poker there is a large degree of variability in the way problem gambling may develop. Problem gamblers in poker may be losing or winning players, they may be irrational or rational in their perception of the game, and their style of play may be uncontrolled or controlled. This challenges a series of fundamental assumptions about problem gambling that are built into many of the theoretical concepts we ordinarily use to understand, diagnose and treat problem gambling."
"All-in and Bad Beat: Professional Poker Players and Pathological Gambling" by Roberta Biolcati et al., 2014.
This is a survey of a self-selected group of 256 Italian poker players (50.8% pros, 49.2% recs).
- The main reason for playing poker was to earn money for both pros and recs (80+%).
- For fun (17.7% among professionals) (45.2% among recreational players)
- Because it is exciting (9.8%)
- Other reasons: competition, challenge, developing skills.
- 1.6% of the participants were identified as pathological gamblers (1 in 60).
- Chasing losses (44.5%) (this is huge!!!)
- Risked significant relationships (12.9%)
- Preoccupation (~ 10%)
- Professionals played more cash games (71.9% vs 50.8%)
- Recreational players played more MTT (32.3% vs 19.5%) and SNG (12.9% vs 4.7%)
"The results presented here also demonstrate that poker is the main form of gambling engaged in and that most players do not gamble on other activities and if they do, it is infrequently."
"Sitting at the virtual poker table: A prospective epidemiological study of actual Internet poker gambling behavior" by Debi A. LaPlante et al., 2009.
This is a two-year study of 3445 internet poker players.
- The median activity was one session per three days.
- The median cost of playing poker was €1.8 per session.
- The median wager was €13 per session.
- The median net loss across sessions was €106.
- 5% were active players (3 times longer sessions, one and half sessions per day, €89 wager/session, €1941 median loss).
"It is notable that individuals who lost larger portions of their monies bet (Percent Lost) were involved for shorter periods (Duration, rho = -.23) and played fewer poker sessions when they were involved (Total sessions, rho = -.41)."
"How the Internet is changing gambling: Findings from an Australian prevalence survey" by Sally M. Gainsbury et al., 2015.
This is a national survey of 15K Australians over a landline phone in 2010/2011.
- 64.3% gambled within the past 12 month.
- The majority gambled on lottery, scratch tickets, horse and dog racing.
- 5.9% played poker
- 8.1% gambled online (interactive/internet gambling)
- 19.9% of interactive gamblers played poker (vs. 7.7% of non-interactive)
- 2.9% of interactive gamblers considered themselves to be professional gamblers (vs. 0.4% of non-interactive)
"Interactive gamblers also participated in a significantly greater total number of gambling activities and gambled more frequently on multiple forms."
"This study shows that gambling participation is declining, but interactive gambling is increasing. Interactive gamblers appear to represent a unique cohort of players demographically as well as in terms of their gambling."
"A digital revolution: Comparison of demographic profiles, attitudes and gambling behavior of Internet and non-Internet gamblers" by Sally Gainsbury et al., 2012.
This is an online survey of self-selected 6,682 Australian gamblers, 70% of whom were classified as internet gamblers.
- 46.8% of poker players used Internet poker sites (8.3% of all respondents)
- 37.8% of Internet gamblers played poker (vs. 15.4% of non-Internet)
- Internet gamblers participated in more forms of gambling
- Internet gamblers appear to gamble more frequently
- No significant difference in monthly win/loss
- 75% drunk alcohol while gambling (vs. 66.3% non-Internet)
- 60.2% gambled from 12pm to 6pm, 28.4% gambled between 6pm and 12am
- The median Internet poker session was around 2 hours
"The Gambling Habits of Online Poker Players" by Ingo Fiedler, 2011.
This is an analysis of 2,127,887 Pokerstars poker over six months. This paper also reviews 9 papers (2007-2011) on this subject from Harvard Medical School.
- "Most online poker players only play a few times and for very low stakes"
- "The median player played 7 sessions and 4.87 hours over 6 months."
- "The 99% percentile player has a playing volume that is 552 times higher than that of the median player (US$2,685)"
- "1% of the players account for 60% of playing volume (10% for even 91%)"
- 58.73% play NLHE
- "10% of the players play at 1.65, 5% on 2.36, and 1% at 6.03 tables on average"
- "an average player loss of US$177.51" (over 6 months in rake)
"Hence, the operator needs more than 500 recreational poker players to get as much revenue as he gets from one very intense player and it can be concluded that the operators generate most of their revenue from the intense players."
"The group of high volume players is not only interesting for the industry because of the revenue they generate but also for research on gambling addiction. However, it is wrong to label every one of them as a (probable) pathological gambler, because in the long run skill plays a key role for the outcome in poker."