yeah guys, basically most of the world is like this, it's actually a major reason why the third world is the third world - it's just really difficult to develop and prosper when the deck is rigged for a few elites
in response to Diamond's predestination oriented Guns, Germs, & Steel was Acemoglu & Robinson's Why Nations Fail which posits
Quote:
Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty is an examination of the causes of economic inequality. Authors Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson conclude that underdevelopment is caused by political institutions and not by geography, climate, or other cultural factors. Elites in underdeveloped countries deliberately plunder their people and keep them impoverished.
i think it's the mix of the two, perhaps geography has a lot to do with creating such circumstances, but social institutions are the backbone of modern economic development
spent entire life as an expat - there's a reason why most expat businessmen in the third world just run hobbyist type businesses, the shakedown is real
this is why morocco has some of the finest leather culture in the world and yet you'd be hard pressed to find any moroccan products in shops in the west - spent a lot of time there and kept trying to set up an export thing and got laughed at a bunch and told it was impossible - the general consensus was once i began gathering shipping containers worth of leather handbags various government officials would magically appear and i'd need all kinds of licenses etc and before i knew it was no longer a feasible business - apparently they've dealt with enough guys over the years who have attempted that and failed that they just tell someone who says they want to buy in bulk to f off because they know the trouble that awaits
likewise, when i was in ecuador, the wealthiest man in the country at the time was the person who was in charge of customs - which is apparently pretty common in latin america - pablo escobar started not as a drug smuggler getting drugs out of colombia but as a smuggler of tvs and radios into colombia because it was impossible to bring them into the country without getting shaken down by the elites