At RusselinToronto's suggestion, I recently read Ma Jian's
Beijing Coma, which is a piece of historical fiction covering the Tiananmen Square massacre and the lives of student leaders who were most visible in the democracy movement.
The main character in the book is a Beijing University student who is shot in the head the morning of June 4 and spends the next decade in a coma. He is alive on the inside, hearing and sensing everything that is going on, including the greater changes to the country, but he is unable to move or indicate that there is life in him, so he is seen as a vegetable.
The narrative takes a reader from the childhood of the main character, Dai Wei, and explores all the familiar theme's of the suffering borne by his parent's generation through the constant political tumult and resultant sufferings of the era. His father is a branded rightist for a minor interaction with a Westerner which was viewed unfavorably, and the rest of his family pay the costs for his being so labeled. The story touches on all the strains and trauma's of a family in such a predicament, a theme common to so many literate families who lived in China since 1949.
The boy gets lost in the mythical fable
The Book of Mountain and Seas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shan_Hai_Jing and the author uses this theme throughout the book as a secondary theme to juxtapose the condition of his coma and the changes in modern China.
The overall portrayal of events is rather accurate but it isn't clear why the author elects to only slightly fictionalize some of the actual protagonists from the the student movement while keeping others as their actual self. For instance a Taiwanese pop singer is described as himself while a noted physicist has his name only slightly changed and though everything about his actual role remains factual. Some student leaders he ascribes to a certain university that they did not attend, but he then gives an accurate portrayal of their post-Tiananmen fate. Another he has squished by a tank, while their actual fate had them consulting for Bain. It isn't clear what the author was trying to do with these small shifts between historical accuracy and fiction in the story.
What else is not clear from research is how much time the author spent in Beijing. Much of the novel is devoted to the tiresome internecine politics among the student leaders themselves. One would've had to have spent a great deal of time in constant contact with this group to sort it all out. It isn't clear whether the author was there doing that or if he's recreated the dynamic. What is missed is the bigger, city wide and nation wide impact of the democracy movement and how those outside of Tiananmen Square reacted. The author doesn't really touch on this although he shifts the book's theme in that direction for his post-Tiananmen handling of larger Chinese social themes.
This book has received decent acclaim, but the prose at times is a little tedious. The book may have benefited from some selective editing of material. Much of the story bogs down with his treatment of the petty squabbles among student leaders without capturing the energy and daring of the movement as a whole and its wider impact outside of the student population.
A reader does get a sense of what one Tiananmen leader has described as the "Beijing Doctrine". In China, and especially Beijing, economic development will be permitted to proceed at all costs, even if those costs involve killing people. This book deals with the human cost of that doctrine and the morally and spiritually bereft environment which is created by a people accepting that sort of pact with a government who will kill their own people in the streets of the capital.