Things haven't changed that much. Although Windows now is natively far more secure than XP was (or Vista, or 7, or whatever we were using when funkyworms first wrote that).
1. Use Win 10 and keep it updated.
2. Always use a limited user account, not admin.
3. Use Secunia PSI (I think it's now called Flexera PSI) to keep your software up to date.
4. Use Malwarebytes Antimalware premium (it is relatively cheap and definitely worth it).
5. Use your choice of the better free antivirus software (e.g. Avira, BitDefender, etc).
6. You're probably fine with the Windows firewall. But you can still use something Comodo free if you want to supplement it.
7. Use Macrium Reflect or something similar to keep your data backed up. Good practice is the 3-2-1 approach: 3 copies of your data in total; 2 of them can be local but on different devices/media (e.g. your machine plus an external hard drive); 1 offsite (e.g. cloud storage or another external hard drive kept somewhere else in case of fire, theft etc - obviously cloud is easier if your precious data is updated often). With these backups you can just restore Windows from scratch if you have a serious problem with ransomware etc.
Beyond that it's up to you.
- Use a decent browser and keep it patched.
- Use extensions that help you keep things secure.
- Don't do stupid things.
- Be aware of how vulnerable you are when on wifi, particularly other people's networks and even more so those that are free in coffee shops, airports etc.
- Be aware that free USB "chargers" for your phone might also carry data connections.
- Use two-factor authentication for every service that offers it. If your key services (mail, whatever) doesn't offer it, then consider switching. If your bank doesn't offer it as a bare minimum then run a mile.
- Scan downloads if you get them from unusual sources. Use virustotal.com if you need a second opinion on a file.
Any particular questions?