Quote:
Originally Posted by BrianTheMick2
There is one less Stephen Hawking in the world. He died quietly.
Yeah, I just saw that. He fell quietly into a black hole and was not afraid.
blackholes_theory
In 1974, Hawking shocked the physics world by showing that black holes should in fact thermally create and emit sub-atomic particles, known today as Hawking radiation, until they exhaust their energy and evaporate completely. According to this theory, black holes are not completely black, and neither do they last forever.
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Hawking showed how the strong gravitational field around a black hole can affect the production of matching pairs of particles and anti-particles, as is happening all the time in apparently empty space according to quantum theory. If the particles are created just outside the event horizon of a black hole, then it is possible that the positive member of the pair (say, an electron) may escape - observed as thermal radiation emitting from the black hole - while the negative particle (say, a positron, with its negative energy and negative mass) may fall back into the black hole, and in this way the black hole would gradually lose mass. This was perhaps one of the first ever examples of a theory which synthesized, at least to some extent, quantum mechanics and general relativity.
A corollary of this, though, is the so-called “Information Paradox” or “Hawking Paradox”, whereby physical information (which roughly means the distinct identity and properties of particles going into a black hole) appears to be completely lost to the universe, in contravention of the accepted laws of physics (sometimes referred to as the "law of conservation of information"). Hawking vigorously defended this paradox against the arguments of Leonard Susskind and others for almost thirty years, until he famously retracted his claim in 2004, effectively conceding defeat to Susskind in what had become known as the "black hole war". Hawking's latest line of reasoning is that the information is in fact conserved, although perhaps not in our observable universe but in other parallel universes in the multiverse as a whole.
Unfortunately, Susskind's proposed solution is even more difficult, and almost impossible to envisage or explain in an understandable way. He suggests that, as an object falls into a black hole, a copy of the information that makes it up is sort of scrambled and smeared in two dimensions around the edge of the black hole. Furthermore, Susskind believes that a similar process occurs in the universe as a whole, which raises the rather alarming idea that what we think of as three-dimensional reality is in fact something like a holographic representation of a "real" reality, which is actually contained in two dimensions around the edge of the universe.
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