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Then why can't US players play online poker again?
They can, just not on PokerStars because PokerStars willingly removed themselves from that market because of the ongoing case against them.
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Why did the DOJ seize the pokerstars.com domain a year ago?
Because PokerStars (and Full Tilt and AP/UB) broke several other laws in order to circumnavigate the law that, at the time, applied to them (the UIEGA). The case against them is about those other laws they broke, not about breaking the UIEGA.
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Why is the DOJ going after every online poker site, every payment processor, every bank that had anything to do with online poker?
They aren't. Several other sites are still up and running in the US and the DOJ has not brought charges against them.
They went after "the big three" because they committed massive bank fraud. (Also there are probably some politically motivated reasons for clearing PokerStars and Full Tilt out of the market, but that's another thread.)
PokerStars (and Full Tilt, before they lost their license) chose to willingly remove themselves from the US market in compliance with the DOJ so as not to create more headaches for themselves pending legal proceedings. They were not "shut down" for operating an "illegal" gambling site because poker isn't illegal in the US, as the DOJ themselves admitted.