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Interesting stuff. I didn't even know this field existed.
I agree that "doing good deeds" is a better phrase than "having a good attitude." But I also think it only diminishes the problem, which is really with the second part of the question including games of skill. It seems like you want to ask questions like "does circumstance X change the probabilities for a gambler on games of chance?" i.e. you want to find out if people think irrelevant factors can overcome probability. But then you include games not driven entirely by chance.
While it's very obvious that your attitude can affect your outcomes in skill based gambling, it's less obvious that doing good deeds will affect your outcomes. But many people would say it does. Not nec because a karmic force will change the cards, but because you will be an all-around better functioning person.
For example, Joe is a great friend and family member and many people think he is honest and good. He has less conflict and stress in his life than a liar and cheater. He knows these people will be happy for him if he succeeds. He can turn to them for emotional and material support. When he won that big tourney, he used some of the score to pay off his brother's student loans. If he goes busto, he knows that brother will help him get back on his feet. Easy to see how Joe leading a good life makes him more likely to succeed in general, but especially in an uncertain profession like gambling.
Even if that's wrong, it's pretty plausible and not superstitious. But people could also hold the view that your good deeds magically change the cards to your favor, which is superstitious. There's no way to tell why they are answering that way.
The real problem I think--and this was true of several questions--is you need to stipulate that it is not a game of skill, and that the outcomes are driven entirely by chance. Avoid uncertainties like the fact that some slot machines are random and some aren't. Or, what makes a winning poker player or sports bettor (I assume nobody 100% knows that).
Why not just use specific and clear examples that rule out games of skill? Will a positive attitude make you more likely to win a fair coin toss? If you have spent a year doing good deeds, are you more likely to win at a fair roulette wheel than a person who has not? If a fair coin toss has come up heads 5x in a row.... etc.
tldr: the source of confusion seems to be lumping games of skill and chance together, just because people bet on them.
Yes I fully agree those questions would be better if they just mentioned specific luck-based casino games.
Your suggestions would help but I think any modified scale along these lines could still end up with the ceiling effect (where almost everyone from 2+2 answered at least near-perfect).
I have another piece of research which suggests a different approach:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full...9.2023.2179997
These are interviews that we did with 19 all-time great online crushers. I would love to develop a scale which looks at aspects of their shared rational approach (e.g., learning from others, and only gambling in areas of relative expertise).
That last link is my personal favourite thing I've ever written on poker.