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Originally Posted by d2_e4
While I can sort of get behind some of your points, this is just out there. Yes, it is.
Barbara Ehrenreich, a fabulous american anthropologist, wrote a book called 'blood rites' where she talks in anthropological terms about the roots of war. One of the things she did was if not come up with the term 'social reproduction', use it extensively, to show how institutions reproduce themselves. The institution of war and violence is a good example.
The point here is it can be true that men are more prone to violence than women at the same time as the idea that the extent to which men are violent in our society is a social construct moreso than it is a genetic predisposition.
Anthropology is both a politically hotly-contested area, given that identity is so important to us, and 'who we used to be' feeds fairly clearly into our current day identity, as well as a difficult to understand / easy to obscure and mislead subject. The Hobbesian view that life outside of civilisation was 'nasty, brutish and short' was little more than propaganda to convince the equivalent of liberal europeans at the time that the colonizing project was a civilizing one that would be a favour to those living still as hunter-gatherers. In actual fact, hunter-gatherers, the dominant way of life for humans for the vast majority of the time since we've been called modern humans, and even for the vast majority of the time since we developed speech and communication and working together, was one of relative peace. Violence was still a part of life, but just wasn't a bit part. Population density was relatively low, and if there were a nearby tribe, game theoretically, trade and good relations were better for both parties than just attacking them for no reason, particularly given there were plenty of resources everywhere.
So what happens in anthropology sometimes is that people make up that our ancestors were incredibly violent, when it was only the neolithic - where we settled, and now we had land to protect, and efficiency gains meant that some people could give up their hoes and take up arms and specialize as soldiers, and mothers started having more kids, because they could support them, and they would be useful farmhands etc - that we started actually properly going to war. Part of the reason they make this up is so that they can go 'look, it's in our nature to be violent, and that justifies this violence today'. The same is true with the concept of 'selfishness'. The libertarian economic project would have you believe that **** economicus is inherently selfish. That's kinda dumb. We are not at all naturally selfish more than we are co-operative. We are slightly selfish, sometimes, but 'what's good for the group is good for the individual' is far more often true than 'what's good for the individual is good for the group'. Whether you look at it on a gene level, a tribe level, a social reproduction level, whether it's hunting, or cooking, we've got to where we are as a species not because we're top of the food chain - we've taken ourselves out of the food chain, effectively - and not even because we're smarter, but because we're collectively smarter, by virtue of extreme sociality. In a tribal setting, selfishness would often just be met with exile, which would usually have been at least a death sentence, if not on top of that the chance for your genes not to get passed on. We're not mountain lions.