if(composite) 
return false

else
return true

int checker = 2;

if(checker <= pow(n , .5) && n % checker == 0)

checker = checker ++;

for(;;) {

for(int ix = 2; ix <= pow(n, 0.5); ix++)
{
  if((n % ix) == 0)
  {
    return false;
  }
}
return true;

if(checker <= pow(n , .5) && n % checker == 0)

ix <= (0.01 + pow(n, 0.5))

ix*ix < n

float f = 0.1f;
float sum;
sum = 0;
 
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
    sum += f;
float product = f * 10;
printf("sum = %1.15f, mul = %1.15f, mul2 = %1.15f\n",
        sum, product, f * 10);

void averageAndGrade(int testScore, int progScore, double& average, char& grade) {
average = (testScore + progScore) /2.0;

etc
etc

}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>

using namespace std;
string cleanUp(string& phrase);
bool isPalin(string cleanedPhrase);
int main() {
	string userPhrase;
	
	cout << "Please enter your word/phrase: " ;
	getline (std::cin, userPhrase); 
	
	isPalin(cleanUp(userPhrase));
	if (isPalin(cleanUp(userPhrase))) {
		cout << "is palin";
	}
	else
		cout << "no";

	getchar();
	getchar();
	return 0;
}
string cleanUp(string& phrase) {
	for (int i = 0; i < phrase.length(); i++)
    {
		if (isupper(phrase[i]))
        {       
			phrase[i]=tolower(phrase[i]) ;
        }       
        if (ispunct(phrase[i])) 
		{
			phrase[i]=' ';	// i think this is where the problem is
		}
	}
	return phrase;
}

bool isPalin(string cleanedPhrase) {
	for( int i = 0; i < cleanedPhrase.length() / 2 ; i++) {
		if( cleanedPhrase[i] != cleanedPhrase[cleanedPhrase.length()-1-i]) // could be this procedure as well
			return false;
	return true;
	}
}

void squareByReference(int& x)
{
    x = x * x;
}

void squareByValue(int x) // note the lack of &
{
    x = x * x;
}


int a = 5;
squareByReference(a);
cout << a; // prints "25"
squareByReference(5); // ERROR: must pass variables by reference, not literals.
a = 3;
squareByValue(a);
cout << a; // prints "3". The value of a is not changed.
squareByValue(3); // No error, but has no effect.

while (!fromFile.eof()){
	fromFile >> ch;
	ch = toupper(ch);
	index = ch -'A';
	if(index < 26 && index >= 0) {
		letterCount[index]++;
	}
}

ch = static_cast<char>(ch - shift)

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

void counter(char ch);

int main() {
	
	// Declaring variables for use throughout program
	ifstream fromFile;
	string fileName;
	char ch;

	// Prompting user to enter file name and opening file
	cout << "Please enter the file name you wish to open : "; 
	cin >> fileName;
	cout << endl << endl;
	fromFile.open(fileName.c_str());
	
	// If a file is not found in the location suggested by the user 
	// an appropriate error message outputs and the program quits.
	if (!fromFile.is_open()) {
		cout << "An error has occured.  File name not found." << endl;
		getchar();
		getchar();
		return 0;
	}
	
	while (!fromFile.eof()){
		fromFile >> ch;
		counter(ch);
	}

	getchar();
	getchar();
	return 0;
}


void counter(char ch) {
	int index;
	int letters[26] = {0};

		ch = toupper(ch);
		index = ch -'A';
		if(index < 26 && index >= 0) {
			letters[index]++;
			
		}
	}