Speech play:
STRONG
Anything which sounds like it would weaken our opponent's hand and / or sounds like a challenge for us to call is ALWAYS a strong hand. It sounds obvious, but very often the structure of what they say is more subtle, making the tell less obvious.
Two real-world examples from hands I played:
1 - I checked river after turning a straight on a card that also put a three-flush on board, when the river paired the turn card. My opponent looks surprised I checked, and says, "Oh, you check? You never do that when you have a hand, so I'll bet" as he bets 1/2 pot.
I had checked to induce him to bluff, and was planning to call, but this speech made me tank for a while. I was convinced he didn't have a flush, and couldn't see what 2P or sets he'd slow-play on the flop when I checked to him, which now made a boat. I convinced myself he rivered trips after turning 1P + a straight draw, and was trying to get me to call with 2P or worse.
Sure enough, when I called, he turned over a flopped bottom set that was slow-played.
2 - I raised pre, c-bet flop of T64dcc with 87ss, and turned a sneaky 10-high straight with with the 9s. When I barreled, before my opponent called, he says, "I'm only calling the river if it's another club." Sure enough, the river is the Tc, bringing in the flush but also pairing the board. I check, and he bets big. It seemed odd to me that he would call for a club, spike one, and then bet big when I check, if I'm supposed to think he rivered a flush.
I say, "I guess you liked the club," to which he responds, "I just don't think you have anything." Like, if I don't have anything, why would he bet big? And if he's bluffing, why would he say something to make me think he's weak, if he wants me to fold? I could have some flushes and straights here, but I'm folding anything worse to this bet.
I fold, and he shows the Th when he folds, making it pretty obvious he rivered a boat with T9hh, but was hoping I'd check anything better than 2P on a club river.
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"Why so much?" - and then they call. Usually pretty strong.
"That's a big bet/raise." - and then they call. Usually pretty strong.
If they bet, got raised, and said that, then called, it's even stronger. If they raised, got 3B, said that, and then call, or 4B, it's insanely nutted.
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WEAK
Someone telling us not to bet too big. Someone telling us if we bet, they'll call, or that they might raise.
Players who are very talkative and flamboyant suddenly getting very quiet and reserved as they're betting. This is usually a sign of weakness.
A classic example is Dwight Pilgrim's final table performance at the Borgata open in 2010. Every time he had a strong hand, he'd be making boastful comments and carelessly tossing chips into the pot. Whenever he was bluffing, he'd clam up and timidly slide his bet in.
Anything that is the opposite of the strong speech play above, typically structured in a friendly or appeasing way, suggesting it's okay to fold. Classic example is William Kassouf's speech to Stacy Matuson during the 2016 WSOP main event, telling her he'd show her his hand once she folded her QQ's on this board:
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Card tells:
Showing one card - strong. The one not shown is almost always the ONE card that will make V the best hand.
Holding cards in hand, above the felt - generally weak. This is usually a sign the player is preparing to fold.
Shuffling cards on the felt, with one hand, while waiting for their turn to act - usually weak, a sign of boredom. Can also be a hand that is just barely strong enough to over-call, but not strong enough to raise, often some sort of draw.
Removing their card protector from their cards, before action gets to them - usually weak, a sign they're preparing to fold.
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Chip tells:
WEAK - making big bets with smaller denomination chips, rather than larger denominations. Ex - betting $125 by gathering up 25 red $5 chips, rather than using the black or green chips in their stack.
Weaker players will tend not to bet weak hands with bigger denomination chips, instead preferring to use smaller denominations. The psychology is two-fold: bigger denomination chips seem harder to come by, and thus seem more valuable; putting out a larger stack of lower-denomination chips is meant to look like a bigger bet than simply tossing out a small number of higher-value chips.
WEAK - mix-and-match denomination bets. Ex - betting $125 by gathering up four green $25 chips, pausing, then adding five red $5 chips.
Players who do this are typically trying to figure out the optimal size to bet with a bluff. They put together a bet using big chips, think better of it, decide to bet more, but instead of adding more big chips, they use smaller chips. The psychology is basically the same as the above - the lower-denomination chips seem less valuable, and they want their bet to appear larger. Additionally, there's the possibility the use of different denominations will make their bet appear more deliberate.
WEAK - slamming a multi-chip bet down on the table, like 10 red $5 chips stacked up in the hand. Also aggressively tossing chips across the betting line. Pretty much anything that seems meant to convey confidence/strength. This is often done with smaller bets, to make them look stronger.
STRONG - a weaker player using two hands to push out a big bet. Unlike the tells above, this one is rarely a sign of a weak hand feigning strength.
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Behaviors:
Someone chewing gum stops chewing after they bet - weak. The opposite (keeps chewing) is strong.
Someone bets, then stares you dead in the eye, especially with a mean look, especially if it's an old guy - usually weak.
Eye movement (right-handed person) - looking up and to the left or down and to the left before betting is typically going to be stronger than looking up/right or down/right, which is usually more indicative of a bluff. This is generally going to be reversed in left-handed people, so pay attention to which hand they favored when they bet, if you spot this eye movement prior.
This eye movement tell is not extremely reliable. The right-handed person looking left is typical of accessing memory, so could be an opponent thinking back to past hands, trying to figure out if you're an over-folder before he puts out a bluff. The looking right is typical of accessing creativity, so could be an opponent trying to think what bluffs we have, rather than what they could rep with a bluff of their own.
Laughter / chuckling / smirking - almost always a sincere sign of relaxation, usually someone holding an extremely strong hand, or an extremely weak hand and planning to insta-fold.