I think the correct move was to shove the flop.
When you bet, it looks like a continuation bet as you were the PFR, but most of your PFR hands missed that flop (AJ+, KJ+, QJ). So BTN could be raising as a bluff thinking you have nothing.
That means one of the following.
1) Villain has a made hand you can beat (99, 88, 7x)
2) Villain has nothing.
3) Villain has a draw (XcXc, 6x, 76, 65, 64...)
3a) That doesn't beat you (Ah6s{38%}, 9d6d{34%}, etc.)
3b) That technically beats you (Ac2c{51%}, Ac6c{59%})
4) Villain has a monster (77, 55, 44, 86).
What he's very UNLIKELY to have is JJ+ (a better overpair) - because those are likely to have been raised preflop, not called, given the action.
The only one you're really worried about is #4. And those are SO RARE compared to 1, 2, and 3 that you are almost certainly ahead *right now.*
Now, that said, there is LITERALLY NO CARD that you want to see come out on the turn except the three non-club deuces and the two tens.
Any J+ means that a lot of villain's nothings improve to beat your tens. Any low-card makes a straight more likely. Any paired card means that there's now possibilities of trips. Any club has you worried about the flush draw.
So don't let villain see the turn. Shove the flop.
If you shove the flop will you get calls with worse?
Absolutely. I think 99, 88 calls there. Weirdly, I also think you fold out better too -- there are a lot of draws in there where it would be *correct* for Villain to call - including some which have more than 50% equity over TT. But villain doesn't necessarily know that, and may fold some of those draws as well, turning your TT into a... well, not a bluff... but by being aggressive you can guarantee more equity with a fold than you could expect with a call. (Honestly, that villain doesn't like to fold has to be part of your calculus here, but I still think it makes sense to shove because there's got to be a lot of naked bluffs in his range too...)
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As played:
When the jack comes out and villain shoves, I don't think you can call. The only hand you are beating now is a draw, and I think a lot of those hands check to get a free river rather than shoving. You're now up against turned jacks, monsters, and pure bluffs, and you're not getting enough pure bluffs to make the call worthwhile.
I think you have to just fold and lick your wounds.
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P.S.: I don't think you meant anything by it, and lord knows some of the "learn to read poker tells" books written in the 1970s read like the Dearborn Independent's Greatest Hits, but instead of describing villain as a "young big black guy" to imply a certain read, skip the description and go straight to the read. If you think he's inexperienced or not risk-averse because he is young, just say: "inexperienced, aggressive". Forget the description of the person and instead go with the read.
There are exceptions: Old Man Coffee, for example, is shorthand for a player who is tight-passive and mainly at the table to socialise... but the read of OMC can work for any player that's a tight-passive nit... even if they're a young, tea drinking woman.