How do you decide or what factors do you consider to know when to cbet your whole range or when to be polarized on the flop? Is it different in a single-raised and a reraised pot?

My current strategy is I range bet when I have a range advantage + position. And I will automatically have a checking range when I'm out of position even if I have a range advantage. Note that this is only against a reg. Because against a fish, I just play in a vacuum. What's missing or wrong with my understanding of these 2 concepts?

The factors would probably be: Hand strength (equity), potential for hand value to change, range advantage, position, and opposition.

In a single-raised and re-raised pot the concepts are the same. The SPR will be different though so in the re-raised pot you will be willing to get your chips in the middle easier. In small SPR situations you can get more tricky with your nutted hands without losing any equity since the money is easier to get all-in.

Normally you want to bet out with your strongest hands and get as much value out of them as possible, select hands that can bluff catch x number of streets so that you aren't getting bluffed off of too many hands when you check back and place them in your checking range. Put the rest as bluffs in your betting range to balance your strong hands. The absolute weakest should be check/folded.

Ideally you want to play in such a way that you can have hands that can call a moderate sized bet or raise at any time. On the flop and turn you want to play in such a way that it is possible for you to have the nuts (or something close to it) on the river.