This is a repost (slightly updated) from a thread I started a year and half ago...would have bumped it but it was likely lost in the 2+2 software upgrade.
A popular debate here in RGT often arises as far as who gets into Heaven. We see a wide spectrum of opinion, from atheist/agnostics who claim that a God who condemns anyone is immoral, to fundamentalists who have a very narrow view of salvation (i.e. the tribesman in Africa who's never heard of the Bible is out of luck). David in particular has fun needling the latter group in this forum by providing examples of good people who, according to the teachings of many biblical fundamentalists, must be in Hell (a great example was the herioc Jewish VA Tech professor who died ensuring his students could escape the horrific 2007 school shootings. Or why the wife-beating drunk, nominally Christian gets heaven while the Muslim "doctor without borders" is condemned). In this post, I will present my understanding of salvation and "Who gets Heaven" based my best interpretation of Catholic teaching, in large part influenced by the writings of
Saint Maria Faustina, especially Divine Mercy in My Soul. It is quite different from the two extremes presented above.
My view of salvation is has two important cornerstones:
1) God loves each human soul immensely and greatly desires the salvation of every last one of us.
2) At the moment of death, God offers each soul "Final Grace." I'll define Final Grace as the opportunity for a soul to recognize its sins, to understand the full magesty of the Triune God, and to trust in God by abandoning itself completely to His Mercy. This offer is independent of a soul's past sinfulness or what religion he or she happened to practice. In other words, at the moment of death, every soul has an opportunity for Heaven if it simply desires to coorperate with the Final Grace the Lord graciously offers.
A question some may ask: Why does what we do on Earth matter, if Adolph Hitler, Pol Pot, Pope John Paul II, and Mother Teresa of Calcutta all get the same offer? Quite simply, our actions on Earth and the Faith we have determine the probability that our soul will cooperate with Final Grace. A person who lives a life of faith and charity towards his fellow man will have little difficulty cooperating with Final Grace. However, grave evils a person commits in their life (evils from which he hasn't repented) will steep a soul in its own misery, and lead a soul to doubt the Lord's offer of mercy. This
misery makes cooperating with the Lord's offer of mercy extremely difficult. From the examples I mentioned, John Paul's faith and life lead one to believe he is a near lock to cooperate with Final Grace, while the atrocities and grave sins Hitler committed would make him a serious underdog to want to cooperate with Final Grace. I can't say with absolute certainty that JP II is in Heaven and Hitler is in Hell, but based on their lives, JP II was a prohibitive favorite to cooperate with Final Grace while Hitler was a decided underdog to.
If what I've postulated is true, it leads to some interesting scenerios. For example, a Buddhist who leads a great life, has concern for his fellow man, and searches earnestly for spiritual truth may be a significant favorite to obtain Heaven over a nominal Christian who considers himself "saved" yet lives his life in gross neglect of Gospel teachings. The former's life has set himself up to cooperate with Final Grace while the latter will have to overcome significant misery to fully trust in God's mercy. In certain circumstances, I may even deem an atheist a favorite for Heaven over the Christian (assuming the atheist thoroughly searched his heart and mind for God without finding him yet managed to live his life in accord with the Gospels). With this understanding, I cheerfully conclude that the above mentioned VA Tech professor, with a final act of heroic charity, almost certainly cooperated with Final Grace and is in Heaven.
Further derived from this understanding, is that God condemns no one to Hell. Hell is the result of a soul's refusal to cooperate with Final Grace. The loss of each soul to Hell grieves God greatly since He desires salvation for all of us. However, He always respects our free will, and if a soul wishes to condemn itself to Hell, He obliges with its request. This should answer the question of how a good and just God can allow Hell.
This understanding of Heaven reenforces my faith in the truth of Catholicism. The Church essentially provides a fool proof road map to Heaven. If the teachings of the Catholic Church are faithfully followed, the Catholic will almost certainly cooperate with Final Grace and obtain Heaven. These teachings include frequent Mass attendence, reception of the Holy Eucharist, daily prayer, and confessing of sins. These actions limit the misery experienced by a soul at the moment of death and make it receptive to God's offer of Final Grace. Everyone gets this offer, but IMO practicing Catholics are in the best shape to say "Yes."