Quote:
Originally Posted by Akileos
Jared Diamond argues that with the rise of populous states religions supported the legitimacy of rulers.
Well yes, but the religion rulers pitch to the masses needs something compelling about it to get picked up. How does the religion become big enough and believable enough that a state can make use of it? These early states were immensely weaker than those of today -- they controlled ports and major cities, but not villages, much less the household. They can't compel changes in culture until they are highly advanced. The big-ruler model of the spread of religion explains some cases, but not others. Islam, in particular, was carried across Asia informally by merchants -- not just by states. The genius of the world religions is that they make every man a king of his own house, even if he submits to others elsewhere.
When you think of religion as a technology of persuasion, you can explain more. States were the most effective at utilizing it, but everyone else does too. The prohibition movement in the US was largely a women's movement -- they asserted themselves by appropriating the language of Biblical condemnation of drink, which got them out of the house and to the head of a movement so powerful they amended the constitution. And patriarchs used religion to maintain exclusive sexual access, going against the natural predilection for serial partners, and that developed pre-state. (And Splendour, they use this to curb women's freedom to seek multiple mates as much as to keep other males away. Patriarchal religion reduces women's freedom, not enhances it. At least compared to the primitive band.)