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Originally Posted by well named
I forgot about this but I meant to have a go at some point :P
It seems to require some unpacking though. It's obvious that Muhammad (nor any other example given) can't make sense as the Jewish "messiah" simply as a matter of what "messiah" meant in Jewish culture. You might ask about Simon Bar Kokhba instead.
But the more general question seems to be fashionable of late: How do you explain the cultural relativity of religion, as evidenced by the geographical distributions, the multitude of competing claims, etc etc.
The conclusion that religious belief in the sense of doctrinal or dogmatic statements seems to be on shaky ground as a matter of knowledge is true, I think. Traditional religion tends to admit this of course, relying on faith and revelation "from above", so to speak, not rational evidence.
But I think it misses a somewhat bigger picture in that it's part of human nature to experience and try to grapple with ultimate questions about reality and what it means to be human. People are "capable of imagining people in the sky" but that capacity and its expressions is also evidence of some deeper touch with reality, despite all the imperfections in the various religious expressions of that impulse and that experience.
I think this doesn't really address the challenge here. Yes, traditional religion does admit this in a sense. This is why early religion was often syncretistic and not expansionary. However, it is actually one of the changes of the rise of Christianity to replace this understanding of religion with theological dogmas understood as true in a more absolute sense. Thus, the grounding of those dogmas in faith and revelation wasn't meant to
lessen their status as knowledge, but rather to ground it in something secure (a universal and single God over all humanity).
The problem for the modern Christian is that this ground no longer really suffices. For better or worse, Western thought is guided by Enlightenment standards of knowledge as being based in reason and science. There is no special place here for revelation as a way of knowledge.
This, to me, has basically been the primary problem of Christian theology for the last two centuries. You see on the one hand desperate and unsuccessful attempts by Christian philosophers and apologists to show that in fact Christian theology can be justified even on modern standards of evidence (e.g. William Lane Craig). You see theologians who argue that we should reject the Enlightenment standards of knowledge (e.g. postmodern theology). And finally you see theologians who attempt to revise the meaning of Christian dogmas so that they are no longer meant to be truth-claims and so are not subject to these standards (liberal theology).
Last edited by Original Position; 12-16-2014 at 01:30 PM.
Reason: clarity