Quote:
Originally Posted by Mightyboosh
I don't mind whether we use 'fallacy' or 'hypothesis', it's referred to as both. The causal story I'm suggesting is that the religious belief that bad things happen to people because they have somehow brought it upon themselves, which is why their god allowed it to happen to them, or actually did it to them, is simply the Just World Hypothesis manifesting in a religious context. Further, that it then becomes a salve for the problem of evil.
The bolded is almost certainly wrong. At the very least, you'd need to show much more to suggest that link.
For more than 2 millenia, this debate was more or less entirely inner-theological, starting from discussions within the OT. So, just positing a just-world-hypothesis apparently didn't make the problem of an apparently injust world go away, not even
within religions. If one were so inclined, one could probably make a polemical case for theists being among those
less susceptible to the j-w-hypothesis, as they, throughout history, continued to grapple with the question of theodicy, even though they could just have maintained the justness of god and invoked a version of the j-w-hypthesis.
Furthermore, I'd suggest that "religious belief that bad things happen to people because they have somehow brought it upon themselves, which is why their god allowed it to happen to them, or actually did it to them" is not as prevalent in religion as you may think. Religions often posit causal relations of the sort "You've transgressed, thus you will suffer" - this is not the j-w-hypothesis but simply asserting a link between action and (possibly post-mortem) consequences.
A "true" j-w-hypothesis would not even be your initial example of "We find out someone we know died at age 43, did they smoke? Were they overweight or living an unhealthy lifestyle?" It's unusual for someone to die at 43, thus it's perfectly reasonable to ask for the causes - and, given our society, accidents/illness is the most common cause of early death.
Rather, a good example would be: Joe died at 43. Jim mutters under his breath: "I
told him that cheating would have consequences." This, however, is an argumentative figure you'll find not many (sane) religous people to hold - certainly you won't find it in official theology as it's blatantly patronizing and easily debunked by dying newborns etc. In fact, Ijob, for example, is a discussion on this kind of explanation and maintains that they do
not work. Ijob, so to speak, at roughly 400 bce maintains that the just-world-hypothesis in is pure form is indeed a fallacy.
On top of that, I'm somewhat sceptical of this particular bias in general and I found the wiki-page relatively unconvincing. Certainly, in personal life, my experience has been that if I act kindly towards others, on average, I get acted on kindly as well. So, in the social sphere, I would need a bit more than just the wiki page to be convinced that my experience in this regard is not well founded. Certainly the original experiment referenced in the wiki-article has obvious design-flaws as rationalizations under intense emotional pressure are prone to many different mis-interpretations that aren't necessarily indiciative of a j-w-hypothesis.