Fold pre. You're only getting 7:1 to complete and you have a hand that basically has to flop trips to have any value. Even a hand like 73s gives you much more equity (straight and flush potential).
While playing 83o in the SB is a losing play, this could've been a spot where you won money.
Check raising or calling on the turn is absolutely fine. You can opt to trap or extract value here and neither is a bad play.
Your mistake is reraising on the river. Coolers happen all the time and people get there. It's very possibly the villain has Jx here and when you jam like that, really only Jx is calling you.
If the guy is a whale calling you with any overpair, then yeah you can argue this jam and you'll be able to win more money from him in the long run. Other than that, even a fish will not call this jam without Jx in this spot.
In the small blind you'll be out of position the whole hand. That's a HUGE disadvantage and cannot be understated.
Also how are you going to make marginal decisions if you don't know your own range? In certain spot I'll be like "I'll check call 87 raise A7 and check fold 67 and check raise 77"...
what on earth will you do? " I'll check call 82o, 94o...I check raise bluff 83o on a 8J48J board"
2) Since you got all trappy on the turn and flat called a half pot bet, you are now in check-call the river mode (or even check fold). Villain led 2 streets on a jack high board and any jack beats you. If he bets a 3rd street what on earth do you think he has?
After you lead the river and are raise its a fold.