MUGHAL EMPIRE, 1504-1536
Seeing their weakness - high revolt risk, war exhaustion and slightly depleted units in peace time - the Khan decided to strike once again at Ming China, in attempt to break them once and for all. Leading the Mughal troops and their Hindustan allies in a hard fought and bloody campaign, he accomplished just that. The Mughals added a chain of provinces reaching to the Ming coast, cleaving their Celestial Empire in two.
Some 7ish years after the first truce, another war was declared. This time, Ming forces were much smaller and easily overwhelmed. After seiging up everything, another chunk was taken out of central Ming and added to the Mughal Khanate. The former Ming COT in Hanyang was destroyed, as it's value had plumeted to only 290, and the Khan planned to take the COT in Nanjing in the near future. (In retrospect, I should've kept Hanyang and destroyed Nanjing if possible, to protect the trade against blockades.)
In the north, Manchu were reclaiming land they'd lost to Ming. The Khan would not stand for such theft, and launched a massive invasion of Manchu. The Manchurians were no match for the ferocious Mughal forces and were easily beaten. The Khan wanted Manchu as a vassal, as their lands were not that appealing. Since they were too large to vassalize, a number of provinces were taken instead.
With a full peace reached for the first time ever, the Khan released 2 areas of especially poor provinces as vassals, Khiva and Baluchistan. Khiva was given several additional provinces in the area which were of no value. Baluchistan, however, had taken the wealthy port of Indus with it. The Khan would not stand for such, and invaded after ending their vassalization. Indus was retaken, but the former vassal was too large to re-vassalize in the war. Such action would have to wait til another war later.
As the 1530s rolled in, the 4th Jihad against Ming was declared. Mughal armies once against poured into China, meeting only token opposition - Rebels were putting up a better fight than the Ming forces. Yet another section of Ming was annexed, including the great cities of Beijing and Shanghai.
Throughout the 30 years, the Khans poured resources into building the Empire up from the inside. Many Workshops and Temples were erected, along with several other local structures. Missionaries were sent throughout China to make good followers of Allah out of the new Han Chinese subjects. Around 1530, the decision was made to modernize the military, allowing access to Muslim troops. While they were comparable to the Steppe troops used presently, the Muslim troops would be upgradable in the future, whereas the Steppe troops would fall out of date. The long period of Westernization was nearing, and the upgradable soldiers would serve well until the armies could be fully brought up to Western standards much later.
Mughal census of 1536, showing the new region of Mughal China:
For reward: Land Tradition