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'This metal is not of this world.'

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12-01-2016 , 06:55 PM

#26

Trolly McTrollson

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Join Date: Oct 2010 Posts: 36,733

Those astrophysicists are gonna be really confused when they realize metallic Helium is a thing.

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12-01-2016 , 07:59 PM

#27

masque de Z

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Join Date: Aug 2009 Posts: 9,961

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen

https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.01634

"Observation of the Wigner-Huntington Transition to Solid Metallic Hydrogen
Ranga Dias, Isaac F. Silvera
(Submitted on 5 Oct 2016)

We have studied solid hydrogen under pressure at low temperatures. With increasing pressure we observe changes in the sample, going from transparent, to black, to a reflective metal, the latter studied at a pressure of 495 GPa. We have measured the reflectance as a function of wavelength in the visible spectrum finding values as high as 0.90 from the metallic hydrogen. We have fit the reflectance using a Drude free electron model to determine the plasma frequency of 30.1 eV at T= 5.5 K, with a corresponding electron carrier density of 6.7x1023 particles/cm^3, consistent with theoretical estimates. The properties are those of a metal. Solid metallic hydrogen has been produced in the laboratory. "

Others dispute that

https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.05703

Others support

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal...ture16164.html

"Almost 80 years ago it was predicted that, under sufficient compression, the H–H bond in molecular hydrogen (H2) would break, forming a new, atomic, metallic, solid state of hydrogen1. Reaching this predicted state experimentally has been one of the principal goals in high-pressure research for the past 30 years. Here, using in situ high-pressure Raman spectroscopy, we present evidence that at pressures greater than 325 gigapascals at 300 kelvin, H2 and hydrogen deuteride (HD) transform to a new phase—phase V. This new phase of hydrogen is characterized by substantial weakening of the vibrational Raman activity, a change in pressure dependence of the fundamental vibrational frequency and partial loss of the low-frequency excitations. We map out the domain in pressure–temperature space of the suggested phase V in H2 and HD up to 388 gigapascals at 300 kelvin, and up to 465 kelvin at 350 gigapascals; we do not observe phase V in deuterium (D2). However, we show that the transformation to phase IV′ in D2 occurs above 310 gigapascals and 300 kelvin. These values represent the largest known isotropic shift in pressure, and hence the largest possible pressure difference between the H2 and D2 phases, which implies that the appearance of phase V of D2 must occur at a pressure of above 380 gigapascals. These experimental data provide a glimpse of the physical properties of dense hydrogen above 325 gigapascals and constrain the pressure and temperature conditions at which the new phase exists. We speculate that phase V may be the precursor to the non-molecular (atomic and metallic) state of hydrogen that was predicted 80 years ago."

still

https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1406/1406.2899.pdf
(Dynamic high pressure Why it makes metallic fluid hydrogen)

and originally

E. Wigner and H. B. Huntington, “On the possibility of a metallic modification of hydrogen,” J. Chem. Phys. vol. 3, pp. 764-770, 1935

Additionally;

http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/r...6_helium.shtml

"The study, published in this week's online edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, demonstrates that metallic helium is less rare than was previously thought and is produced under the kinds of conditions present at the centers of giant, gaseous planets, mixing with metal hydrogen and forming a liquid metal alloy."

Last edited by masque de Z; 12-01-2016 at 08:05 PM.

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12-01-2016 , 08:04 PM

#28

aflametotheground

old hand

Join Date: Jul 2009 Posts: 1,851

Well the way the first poster writes it sounds like he thinks that all elements should exist on earth or something?

E.g gold is produced in the center of very dense stars and are distributed outwards when the star explodes. I think it gold, maybe it wasnt gold (but i think so?) and it probably is true for alot of other elements too. So kind of random that we have some of the elements here.

Right?

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12-01-2016 , 10:49 PM

#29

dessin d'enfant

Guest

Posts: n/a

Quote:

Originally Posted by Trolly McTrollson

Those astrophysicists are gonna be really confused when they realize metallic Helium is a thing.

Folks here are gonna need a fainting couch when they learn that particle physicists use a unit of energy to measure mass.

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12-03-2016 , 01:56 AM

#30

plaaynde

Poker Historian

Join Date: Jan 2010 Posts: 20,058

Quote:

Originally Posted by Mabus

Surely there are elements that exist elsewhere in the universe that you can't find on Earth.

Probably not elements. On the contrary, here are elements "created" by humans you will have a hard time finding elsewhere in the universe.

An element, as we know, is only about how many protons there are in the nucleus of the atom. It's just about counting from 1 to 100, and a little beyond. We have done that, looks we have the palette. Heavier elements decay through radioactivity in fractions of a second.

Last edited by plaaynde; 12-03-2016 at 02:05 AM.

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12-03-2016 , 10:42 AM

#31

ToothSayer

Carpal \'Tunnel

Join Date: Jul 2015 Posts: 13,237

Quote:

Originally Posted by plaaynde

An element, as we know, is only about how many protons there are in the nucleus of the atom. It's just about counting from 1 to 100, and a little beyond. We have done that, looks we have the palette. Heavier elements decay through radioactivity in fractions of a second.

As a bit of an aside, it makes me wonder what we can say about the universe from what we don't see.

Is it possible there are stable states of matter that can be artificially made up of subatomic particles that aren't the standard atom model?

One would think, it such could theoretically exist, they would exist. Or is that unreasonable?

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12-03-2016 , 11:55 AM

#32

gadgetguru

grinder

Join Date: Nov 2012 Posts: 611

Degenerate matter, dark matter, who knows if this has been synthesized to make things we can't imagine. I'm out of my depth but what if you could have micro worm holes that allow just the electromagnetic effects of a particle to exist in a location without all of its mass and create some substance with little or no mass but solid as a quark star. I'm sure with an alien civilization billions of years old and technologically advanced there would be some out of the box thinking we couldn't begin to imagine.

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12-03-2016 , 02:31 PM

#33

dessin d'enfant

Guest

Posts: n/a

Quote:

Originally Posted by ToothSayer

It's not unreasonable. Lack of astrophysical observation is a huge restriction on what is possible for the reasons you state. How to overcome it is similar to "false vacuum" ideas.

Basically there exists a lower energy stable state of matter that we don't observe but it takes alot of energy to get to that lower state so we don't observe it.

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