Quote:
Originally Posted by David Sklansky
I asked a similar question but received few responses so I will try again.
There are 20 randomly chosen adults from around the world on a lifeboat. They will all survive and they know it. A randomly chosen adult who no one knows anything about begs to be let in. If he is rejected he will die.
Everyone agrees that accepting him or her would drop their chances of living to 98 %.
They vote.
How many, on average will vote to let him in if it is a secret ballot? What about if it wasn't secret (but the revealing of the votes was simultaneous so you couldn't feign mercy after seeing it wouldn't matter.)?
Well obviously it depends on the detail. All these sort of questions depend on the details and are essentially meaningless without them.
The difference between secret or public ballot will likely relate to peer pressure. People are more likely to vote against the perceived consensus opinion if its a secret poll. So the most 'charismatic' passengers of the lifeboat are going to influence the vote, but more so in a public one.
Feel for probably. Some people have a better grasp of the difference between 2% and 0.02% than others. This could work both ways but adds an extra complication, with bad grasp of mathematics changing some peoples votes.
How obvious is the 2% chance of everyone dying? This I think is crucial. You can know what the probability of dying is in theory, but it has more impact if its obvious immediate and graphic than if its more remote and obscured. Can you see the precipice or is it hidden behind a wall? Actually I think this is going to be the most important factor for most. If the 2% chance to die is clear and immediate I would expect the majority of groups to vote against rescue, but if it requires any form of abstract reasoning to see the chance of everyone dying then I would expect most groups to vote in favour of rescue.
Of course I am assuming no one knows anything about the person who needs rescuing, like sex age etc. Which is unrealistic. A sexual or racially homogeneous lifeboat would be more likely to rescue someone of the opposite sex or same race. The younger the person the more likelihood of rescue. Etc...