according to the
article alluded to the Treasury issues bonds, the Federal Reserve buys some of them, fractional reserves off of it to the lower banks, turns a profit, and pays money back to the Treasury for selling the asset to them in the first place. this process would be called monetizing the debt. there's no real way to know exactly what is going on though without an audit of the Federal Reserve. I'd be very interested to know who the Federal Reserve has been handing money out to, and so would most people I imagine. auditing the Federal Reserve is such a sensible precaution, especially when you're talking about trillions of dollars, it stinks that audits get stonewalled and information is kept out of the hands of the people in what was supposed to be framed as a participatory government.
add: I strongly suspect that transparency is not forthcoming because the debt is being monetized.