Ahh ok, theory discussion about tournament philosophy, phases, variance, mindset, bubble/final table approach, and so on.... are all ok in here as well... I think (I'm relatively new to this myself). You can give story and context behind your posts but the theme/question should be stated so everyone knows what we are discussing lol. Actually, I'm thinking this might belong in the 'Poker Theory' forum. Not sure.
Anyway - There are a whole number of variations on how to approach tournaments. My approach would be 1 of calculated risk and math. Similar to cash games in that respect. I'm not looking to go crazy early. Some players like to gamble to get a stack or move on to the next game. They play a lot of games and see which few remain. A 'Running the numbers' type approach. There is merit to this approach. The psychological effect an early big stack has on opponents and being able to survive losing a few flips during a tournament can certainly increase your chances of going the distance.
Personally, I look to pick off the fish who are just giving their chips away - especially at our stakes. Worst case scenario, don't bleed too many of my own away so that it doesn't impact our ability to play correct push/fold strategy later. That's something I picked up from my turbo MTSnG days.
The majority of the rest of my strategy is just stealing, cbetting effectively and, when needed, playing a solid push/fold strategy. Nothing too fancy. Tournaments are long so I'm just looking to grind out lots of small pots and slowly accumulate chips.
I don't advocate playing to cash (Play to win!!!) but I'm certainly looking to avoid constantly flipping in large amount of chips on thin edges in exchange for a few more deeper runs/min cashes. Usually find it's better to leave the gambling to the times when you really don't have any other options (short stacked). Often player gamble too early and deny themselves the opportunity to pick up hands and run deeper.
Lots of fish hang on for the money, get scared when really deep and then won't play anything but AA on the final 2 tables. If you can recognise these players, you can abuse them and really build some chips with little risk. Gives a huge boost to your chances of going deeper and make final tables with a strong chance of finishing top 3, which is where the big money is.
As you've seen in my PG&C, the final part is volume. Put in the games to get through all the bad luck and search for the 1 game when everything aligns. Celebrate your win and then go for another round.
I guess both approaches I mentioned above are forms of being active and playing a post-flop orientated approach. The more common alternative is to sit and wait for hands and pray you get paid with them. Works at our small stakes because of all the fish giving chips away.
A good question now is what approach is right for you? Usually matches to personality/temperament/tolerance for risk I find.
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Ever write an essay like this and don't know if it's even worth posting? Hope that was the kind of thing you were looking for? If not, I just wasted a good 15 minutes haha.