Originally Posted by LordJvK
Here are some books I'd recommend, which have informed my thinking:
Berlin, Isaiah, Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969).
Bouwsma, William, ‘The Two Faces of Humanism: Stoicism and Augustinianism in Renaissance Thought’, in A Usable Past: Essays in European Cultural History (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press), pp. 19-73.
Braudel, Fernand. 1981. Civilization and Capitalism, Vol 1: The Structures of Everyday Life. Trans. Siân Reynolds. New York and London: William Collins Sons & Co.
Dawkins, Richard, The Selfish Gene (1976; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), especially, pp. 166-88.
Friedman, Milton, Capitalism and Freedom (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1962).
Haidt, Jonathan, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Religion and Politics (New York: Random House, 2012).
James, William, The Will to Believe, Human Immortality, and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy (1897; New York, NY: Dover Publications, 1956).
Kahneman, Daniel, Thinking Fast and Slow (New York and London: Penguin, 2011).
Kraye, Jill, ‘Moral Philosophy’, in The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, ed. Charles B. Scmitt, et al (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 301-86.
Kreeft, Peter, Ethics: A History of Moral Thought (Charlotte Hall, MD: Recorded Books, 2003).
Machiavelli, Niccolò, Discourses on Livy, trans. Harvey C. Mansfield and Nathan Tarcov (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996).
---, , The Prince, trans. James B. Atkinson (1976; Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 2008).
Marcus, Gary, The Birth of the Mind: How a Tiny Number of Genes Creates The Complexities of Human Thought (New York: Basic Books, 2004).
Martin, Clancy, Moral Decision Making: How to Approach Everyday Ethics (Chantilly, VA: The Great Courses, 2014).
Mayerfield, Jamie, Suffering and Moral Responsibility (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
Pinker, Stephen, The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature (New York and London: Penguin, 2002).
Russell, Bertrand, History of Western Philosophy (1946; New York and London: Routledge, 2004).
Wilson, Edward O., On Human Nature (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1978)
Here are some other books which were influential on me when I was in my early 20s, which I have since had some cause to reject or at least strongly nuance:
Althusser, Louis. 1971. “Ideology and the Ideological State Apparatus.” In Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, trans. Ben Brewster. 85-136. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001.
Foucault, Michel. 1977 . Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan. New York and London: Penguin, 1991.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Gramsci, Antonio. 1973. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Edited and and trans. By Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
Williams, Raymond, Marxism and Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977).
---------
My intellectual journey started in a far left placed and moved ever more towards the centre and even centre-right.
Generally I am much more persuaded by the view of humanity that accepts and embraces human nature rather than denies or attempts to subdue it.