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religious america, secular europe religious america, secular europe

03-14-2011 , 10:51 PM
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Originally Posted by tame_deuces
I would assume history explains a lot. Religious refugees fleeing from persecusion (by other Christian faiths and some state oppression) in Europe constituted quite a big portion of the early settlers in the US...and let's not kid anyone; the US as it exists today - melting pot or not - owes the chief part of its culture to this early settlement and later colonization of the US.

So in essence people with strong enough faith to embark on crossing the atlantic in the early days of cross-atlantic voyages made up a big part of this early US culture...I don't think its a stretch to say they likely left quite a big impression.

As for Europe, Christianity in Northern Europe owes a lot of its spread to the oppression of existing faiths and cultures, which manifests today in a very noticable skepticism towards organized Christianity in big parts of the populaces....you also see the trend somewhat in continental/eastern/southern Europe, but it is far less noticable....likely because large scale Christianity is a near 500-800 year older in those regions.
Good post. I have a feeling you would like this article/speech (but it's long and in 4 parts. You can find the other 3 parts just by googling):

U.S. Savage Imperialism: The U.S. Empire, the Mideast, and the world, part I

A relevant excerpt:

Quote:
It's tempting to go back to the beginning. The beginning goes pretty far back, but it is useful to think about some aspects of American history that bear directly on current U.S. policy in the Middle East. The U.S. is a pretty unusual country in many ways. It's maybe the only country in the world that was founded as an empire. It was an infant empire—as George Washington called it—and the founding fathers had broad aspirations. The most libertarian of them, Thomas Jefferson, thought that this infant empire should spread and become what he called the "nest" from which the entire continent would be colonized. That would get rid of the "Red," the Indians as they'd be driven away or exterminated. The Blacks would be sent back to Africa when we don't need them anymore and the Latins will be eliminated by a superior race.

Conquest of the National Territory

It was a very racist country all the way through its history, not just anti-black. That was Jefferson's image and the others more or less agreed with it. So it's a settler colonialist society. Settler colonialism is far and away the worst kind of imperialism, the most savage kind because it requires eliminating the indigenous population. That's not unrelated, I think, to the kind of reflexive U.S. support for Israel—which is also a settler colonial society. Its policies resonate with a sense of American history. It's kind of reliving it. It goes beyond that because the early settlers in the U.S. were religious fundamentalists who regarded themselves as the children of Israel, following the divine commandment to settle the promised land and slaughter the Amalekites and so on and so forth. That's right around here, the early settlers in Massachusetts.

All this was done with the utmost benevolence. So, for example, Massachusetts (the Mayflower and all that business) was given its Charter by the King of England in 1629. The Charter commissioned the settlers to save the native population from the misery of paganism. And, in fact, if you look at the great seal of the Bay Colony of Massachusetts, it depicts an Indian holding an arrow pointed down in a sign of peace. And out of his mouth is a scroll on which is written: "Come over and help us." That's one of the first examples of what's called humanitarian intervention today. And it's typical of other cases up to the present. The Indians were pleading with the colonists to come over and help them and the colonists were benevolently following the divine command to come over and help them. It turned out we were helping by exterminating them.

That was considered rather puzzling. Around the 1820s, one Supreme Court justice wrote about it. He says it's kind of strange that, despite all our benevolence and love for the Indians, they are withering and dispersing like the "leaves of autumn." And how could this be? He said, the divine will of providence is "beyond human comprehension." It's just God's will. We can't hope to understand it. This conception—it's called Providentialism—that we are always following God's will goes right up to the present moment. Whatever we're doing, we're following God's will. It's an extremely religious country, off the spectrum in religious belief. A very large percentage of the population—I don't remember the numbers, but it's quite high—believes in the literal word of the Bible and part of that means supporting everything that Israel does because God promised the promised land to Israel. So we have to support them.

These same people—a substantial core of solid support for anything Israel does—also happen to be the most extreme anti-Semites in the world. They make Hitler look pretty mild. They are looking forward to the near total annihilation of the Jews after Armageddon. There's a whole long story about this, which is believed, literally, in high places—probably people like Reagan, George W. Bush, and others. It ties in with the kind of settler colonial history of Christian Zionism—which long preceded Jewish Zionism and is much stronger. It provides a solid base of reflexive support for whatever Israel happens to be doing.
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03-15-2011 , 12:26 AM
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Originally Posted by Paul McSwizzle
hi folks

i'm writing my undergrad thesis on why the united states and western europe, two regions that are similar in terms of their economic development compared with the rest of the world, differ so strongly in terms of their religiosity. religion is a powerful political and social force in america but not in europe. why? i have some thoughts, but i'd like to hear what others have to say as well
My take would be that starting with comparable religiosity in the early 20th century, late 20th/early 21st century religiosity in America is not a continuation of that early 20th century religiosity, but the emergence of a new wave of religiosity with strong sociopolitical roots. So basically, while there's been a general decline in the old religiosity in both Europe and America throughout the 20th century, the emergence of the new (late 20th century) sociopolitical religiosity in the U.S. accounts for much of the disparity.

As to why this new wave of religiosity:
wiki_The Decline of the West_Oswald Spengler
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dec...igion.27s_role
Spengler is neither wholly pro-religion nor anti-religion, but he does differentiate between manifestations of religion that appear within a civilization’s developmental cycle. He sees each culture as having an initial religious identity, which eventually results in a reformation-like period, followed by a period of rationalism, and finally entering a period of second religiousness that correlates with decline. Intellectual creativeness of a Culture's Late period begins after the reformation, usually ushering in new freedoms in science.

The scientific stage associated with post-reformation Puritanism contains the fundamentals of Rationalism. Eventually rationalism spreads throughout the Culture and becomes the dominant school of thought. To Spengler, Culture is synonymous with religious creativeness. Every great Culture begins with a religious trend that arises in the countryside, is carried through to the cultural cities, and ends in materialism in the world-cities.

Spengler described the process by which Enlightenment rationalism undermines and destroys itself, passing from unlimited optimism to unqualified skepticism. The Cartesian self-centered rationalism leads to schools of thought that do not cognize outside of their own constructed worlds, ignoring actual every-day life experience. It applies criticism to its own artificial world until it exhausts itself in meaninglessness. In reaction to the educated elites, the masses give rise to the Second Religiousness, which manifests as deeply suspicious of academia and science.

The Second Religiousness appears as a harbinger of the decline of mature Civilization into an ahistorical state. The Second Religiousness occurs concurrently with Caesarism, the final political constitution of Late Civilization. Both the Second Religiousness and Caesarism demonstrate the lack of youthful strength or creativity that the Early Culture once possessed. The Second Religiousness is simply a rehashing of the original religious trend of the Culture.
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03-15-2011 , 12:51 AM
OP I would check out Matthew Alper's book "The God Part of the Brain". He has a section of the book in which he explains his ideas on spiritual genes running deep in America.
http://www.godpart.com/html/table_of_contents.html
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03-15-2011 , 09:18 AM
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Originally Posted by [Phill]
You are correct, the word there should be "incomplete" rather than "wrong".
I'll agree to that.
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03-15-2011 , 09:20 AM
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Originally Posted by ILOVEPOKER929
Good post. I have a feeling you would like this article/speech (but it's long and in 4 parts. You can find the other 3 parts just by googling):

U.S. Savage Imperialism: The U.S. Empire, the Mideast, and the world, part I

A relevant excerpt:
I have read some, but I think will have to read all before I make further comments.
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03-16-2011 , 03:36 AM
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Originally Posted by tame_deuces
Could you give brief cliff notes..? I like to know what I would spend an hour on.
The forging of national identities sorta necessarily required rebellion against the church as a political force. As I'm sure you are aware the church was quite involved in Euro politics (to put it mildly!). Don't really need to watch the videos lol, this is a fine summary in wiki under 'History of the Catholic Church - French Revolution:

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The anti-clericalism of the French Revolution.[189] saw direct attacks on the wealth of the Church and associated grievances led to the wholesale nationalisation of church property and attempts to establish a state-run church.[190] Large numbers of priests refused to take an oath of compliance to the National Assembly, leading to the Church being outlawed and replaced by a new religion of the worship of "Reason".[190] In this period, all monasteries were destroyed, 30,000 priests were exiled and hundreds more were killed.[190] When Pope Pius VI sided against the revolution in the First Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Italy. The 82 year old pope was taken as a prisoner to France in February 1799 and died in Valence August 29, 1799 after six months of captivity. To win popular support for his rule, Napoleon re-established the Catholic Church in France through the Concordat of 1801.[191] The end of the Napoleonic wars, signaled by the Congress of Vienna, brought Catholic revival and the return of the Papal States.
That's just France but I imagine similarish things played out across the continent while the church's political authority greatly diminished.
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03-16-2011 , 02:26 PM
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Originally Posted by vixticator
The forging of national identities sorta necessarily required rebellion against the church as a political force. As I'm sure you are aware the church was quite involved in Euro politics (to put it mildly!). Don't really need to watch the videos lol, this is a fine summary in wiki under 'History of the Catholic Church - French Revolution:


That's just France but I imagine similarish things played out across the continent while the church's political authority greatly diminished.
Interesting quote on anti-clericalism. Where did you get it from?
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03-21-2011 , 11:20 PM
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Originally Posted by [Phill]
That is so ridiculously flawed which is most obvious with the UK figure where its clearly counting people christened as being christians.

Even the religious people here, those who call themselves christian and not agnostic or atheist, are a lot like my parents who dont own a bible, never pray and only go to churches for the big three christenings/weddings/funerals.

America's religiosity, which is what OP is talking about, is WAY different to Europe in ways that table you linked to doesnt even come close to discussing.
Quote:
Originally Posted by Concerto
This is not clear to me. Can you cite a source for your claim?



How about citing a source for this too? Meaning something that lets us deal with data, rather than your personal impressions, and have a productive discussion.



I don't know what this means. The linked article is only meant to be about the numbers, not styles of religiosity.
Contrary to Concerto's belief that 70% of the UK is Christian, these census results just showed up on BBC news today:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12799801

"61% of respondents said they did have a religion.

But only 29% also said they were religious.

Among respondents who identified themselves as Christian, fewer than half said they believed Jesus Christ was a real person who died, came back to life and was the son of God."
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03-22-2011 , 05:03 AM
to op; if you havent already (not sure what to assume) have a look at charles taylor's 'a secular age' for a modern authoritative perspective on the difference.

talks about secularism as a result of varying 'conditions of belief'. compared to the very quantified and statistical help it looks like youve gotten so far, it offers a very nice, more irrational (albeit if a bit nebulous) contrast.

if nothing else, check out the wiki for an easy reference ur marker will appreciate:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Secular_Age

i wrote a 'critical summary'/essay on it awhile back, pm me if you want it, have no need for it
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03-22-2011 , 11:15 AM
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Originally Posted by Paul McSwizzle
religion is a powerful political and social force in america but not in europe. why?
My guess is that Europe is more heterogeneous. In contrast in the US there are large religiously homogeneous areas.

For religion to catch a stronghold you need concentrated groups of believers to apply peer pressure. This is difficult if all religions in the area are in the minority as is the case in much of Europe.
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03-22-2011 , 03:59 PM
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Originally Posted by Piers
This is difficult if all religions in the area are in the minority as is the case in much of Europe.
Do you have a link to back this up?
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03-23-2011 , 12:21 AM
Not one to miss the opportunity to derail a thread with pettiness, I wonder if Concerto is going to revise his view on this matter now that he has been contradicted by multiple people citing reliable sources, or if he will ignore all that and refer at a later date to the people who disagreed with him, and the facts they bring to the table, as atheists spreading nonsense (the fact that Jib isn't an atheist yet not withstanding). Concerto, care to chime in?
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03-23-2011 , 01:03 AM
Oh, Polly rarely has much to say about why he want a cracker, or what happens if he doesn't get one.
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03-23-2011 , 06:56 PM
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Originally Posted by sockhead2
Not one to miss the opportunity to derail a thread with pettiness, I wonder if Concerto is going to revise his view on this matter now that he has been contradicted by multiple people citing reliable sources, or if he will ignore all that and refer at a later date to the people who disagreed with him, and the facts they bring to the table, as atheists spreading nonsense (the fact that Jib isn't an atheist yet not withstanding). Concerto, care to chime in?
You and I both know he will either return with a sneered rebuttal that can only be consolidated in his narrow world view, or pull the standard practice of abandonment. In Concertoland, he is never wrong, regardless of what is presented to him. Here is my recent favorite in which he pulls both tactics. http://forumserver.twoplustwo.com/47...70/index4.html
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03-23-2011 , 07:23 PM
Has Concerto ever said what he does professionally etc..? What his qualifications and learnings are?I'd care.
Sorry for derailing though
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03-23-2011 , 08:37 PM
The most simplistic answer is that Europe felt the full force of the Enlightenment and that its legacy remains. Here in the UK our politicians very rarely mention religion, and our current Deputy Prime Minister and leader of the Lib Dems, Nick Clegg, is openly atheist. Nobody makes it a big deal. Tony Blair was the only high-profile politician I can think of who made frequent references to his faith, and he was roundly mocked for it.

Personally, I don't know a single practising Christian in my family or peer group, and religion has certainly never featured in my life in anything but cursory sing-alongs when I was at school twenty years ago. My instinctive reaction when meeting a religious person is to suspect their mental health, it just seems like completely unnecessary displacement activity and/or compensation for underlying 'issues'. America seems deeply primitive in this respect with huge problems of national identity and mass psychology, almost like a Third World country.
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10-21-2011 , 12:03 AM
I think the media also plays a huge role in this matter. I live in Western Europe and the media here is free from religious bias. All religions are viewed as...... religions. So they are viewed equally. Morality issues are not based on religion here but on humanity, which in my mind is more realistic. I think approaching morality issues in this way will eventually be taken over by the rest of the world.

In the U.S. morality is often based on Christianity + the media has far more religious (and political) bias.
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10-22-2011 , 07:35 AM
Quote:
Originally Posted by Paul McSwizzle
religion is a powerful political and social force in america but not in europe. why?
I'd probably list a few things:

- Europeans are better educated and philosophically more sophisticated. Americans are largely morons in this area. They're also exposed to a far wider range of cultures, languages, philosophies and opinions. All of these lead to realizing that the religion of your family and neighbors and friends might just be a geographical accident with no basis in truth.

- Europeans have been exposed far more strongly to communism and other isms, which tend to discourage religion. All of Eastern Europe and part of Germany was under communism for 40 odd years - it adds up to a large flow of atheist ideologies between those countries and mainstream Europe.

- Europeans are more left wing/socialist, which academically tend to discourage religion.

- The predominantly protestant culture in the US is self reinforcing and is very resistant to outside influence. It emphasizes a personal relationship with God, as opposed to the authoritarian pronouncements and structure of Catholicism, which young people tend to reject.

Last edited by PingClown; 10-22-2011 at 07:43 AM.
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10-27-2011 , 05:49 PM
in the (highly unlikely, i know) event that anyone would like to read my thesis on this topic, pm me. it's ~110 pages.

my thesis statement was essentially that each of these two regions (europe and the usa) responded differently to questions/issued raised by the enlightenment in three distinct ways, specifically: structural (government/institutional), philosophical (predominant thinking and teaching of intellectuals/academic 'elites'), and social (immigration/the role of religion in society) divergences.

prolly the single most important factor, if i had to choose one, was the fact that sep. of church and state in the us meant that church/religion in the broader sense was viewed as a separate entity from the state and thus was not subject to the same frustrations that the state was. this was not the case in europe, where religion was often viewed as an extension of the (often unpopular) state.

Last edited by Paul McSwizzle; 10-27-2011 at 05:59 PM.
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10-27-2011 , 05:57 PM
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Originally Posted by PingClown
I'd probably list a few things:

- Europeans are better educated and philosophically more sophisticated. Americans are largely morons in this area. They're also exposed to a far wider range of cultures, languages, philosophies and opinions. All of these lead to realizing that the religion of your family and neighbors and friends might just be a geographical accident with no basis in truth.

false.

- Europeans have been exposed far more strongly to communism and other isms, which tend to discourage religion. All of Eastern Europe and part of Germany was under communism for 40 odd years - it adds up to a large flow of atheist ideologies between those countries and mainstream Europe.

true, but americans have been exposed to communism as well. it's not as if people in the usa lack awareness that there are a ton of ppl out there that don't take religion seriously. further, the trend predates the ussr etc by centuries.

- Europeans are more left wing/socialist, which academically tend to discourage religion.

yes, this is certainly a factor.

- The predominantly protestant culture in the US is self reinforcing and is very resistant to outside influence. It emphasizes a personal relationship with God, as opposed to the authoritarian pronouncements and structure of Catholicism, which young people tend to reject.

this is very much a factor. the idea of a 'personal relationship with god' is a particularly important concept.
.
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10-27-2011 , 06:23 PM
Thanks for bumping this thread. If nothing else, it shows what a dishonorable person Concerto is. A simple "I was wrong" would suffice.
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